Electrical apparatus



1937. E. B. NOWOSIELSKE 2,089,759

ELECTRI CAL APPARATUS Filed June 11, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l Ill/Almummuumnmmm Z7 mung; 77

lllllllllllllllllllllll ENVENTOR Aug. 10,, 1937. B. NOWOSIELSK!2,089,759

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed June 11, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 POSITION A Q)I) "C f as POSITION B (60FROM A) g; I:

Patented Aug. 10 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE to Eclipse AviationCorporation,

East Orange,

N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application. June 11, 1935, Serial No.26,053.

Y 7 Claims.

This invention relates to magneto-electric generators, and moreparticularly to a high tension magneto of the type used for ignitionpurposes in internal combustion engines.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel deviceof this character which is of simple and compact construction, butefficient and powerful.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel magneto ofthe inductor type in which a single straight bar of permanentlymagnetized material is used; and instead of being mounted in thestationary frame, the single bar magnet is mounted in the inductor rotorassembly, and the method of such mounting is another feature of theinvention.

In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings the singlebar magnet is in the form of a cylindrical tube or sleeve having itsends 2 secured in inductor plates of opposite polarity, and rotatable asa unit to produce an alternating magnetic circuit by cooperation withstationary laminated pole pieces having faces disposed adjacent the pathof rotation of the interdigitated polar projections of the said inductorplates, whereby an alternating current is generated in a stationaryinductor coil within which a core is formed by the abutting ends of thepole pieces constituting the armature. It is to be understood,

however, that the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and arenot designed toindicate the limits of the invention, reference being hadfor this purpose to the appended claims, wherein are reflected otherobjects of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section-a1 view of the embodimentabove described;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view line 22 of Fig. 1; and

Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the magnetic circuit during differentportions of the cycle.

In the form shown, the magneto of the present invention comprises a maincasing or frame of suitable non-magnetic material such as aluminum, andconsisting of sections II and I2 suitably attached as by means of thescrews l3.

Sections I and I2 are provided with suitable anti-friction bearings, onebeing shown at 20, to support a shaft 2! journaled therein, with one endportion 24 projecting outside the casing and provided with suitableattaching means whereby the shaft may be driven from a rotary part ofthe engine.

A composite inductor rotor is mounted upon along the the shaft 2| torotate therewith, and includes the permanently magnetized cylinder 25mounted in a pair of inductor plates 26 and 27 having overlappingfingers 28 and 29 arranged in interdigital relation, the zone ofoverlapping being substantially adjacent the middle portion of thecasing section II. These inductors are formed of suitable magneticmaterial and the fingers thereof are adapted to rot-ate in sequence pastarcuate pole pieces l4, l5, l6 and l1, l8, IS, the three first namedbeing formed on the annular portions of laminae 22, and the latter threeon the annular portions of laminae 23. The latter three (ll, [8 and i9)are, therefore, spaced apart from the former three in both the axial andthe angular directions.

A suitable induction coil having primary and secondary windings 34 and35 is mounted crosswise of section ll within the upper part thereof, andreceives the abutting ends 33 of the L-shaped integral extensions of theannular portions of laminae 22, 23 above described. As shown best inFig. 1, these abutting ends 33 are oppositely inclined, to a degreecorresponding to the angle separating the plane of the pole pieces I 4,l5, Hi from that of pole pieces l1, l8, l9.

By this novel method of forming the laminated armature and pole pieces,I achieve maximum magnetic power in a minimum of space, and simplify themanufacturing and assembling processes, since it is thereby madepossible to first fasten the two annular laminated assemblies 22 and 23in place (by screw means 40) and then wind the coils 34 and 35 directlyto the ends 33 of said laminae. Between the two assemblies 22 and 23 Iinterpose a non-magnetic spacer 4i through which screw 40 also passes.

The number of inductor fingers is chosen to provide the proper number offlux reversals per revolution of the engine crankshaft, having in mindthe gear ratio and the number of cylinders in the engine with which themagneto is to be used. In the form illustrated there are six inductorfingers 28 and 29 and the magneto is adapted to be used with anine-cylinder engine, with a gear ratio chosen accordingly.

A rotary distributor spool 44 having a body of suitable insulatingmaterial is mounted within the housing H, l2, being retained therein bysuitable means as shown more completely in my co-pending applicationfiled on even date herewith. A conductor extends centrally through theinner portion of spool 44 and is provided at its inner end with a springpressed contact member 49 which is adapted to contact with the terminal50 of the high tension winding of the induction coil.

The usual distributor block (not shown) may be mounted in the upperportion of the end sec- 5 tion E4 in proximity to spool 44, and providedwith the usual plurality of contact points with which the high tensionspark plug cables (not shown) are adapted to connect.

Openings H are tapped in the ears 12 of section ll whereby the magnetomay be bolted upon a suitable bracket or shelf, with the shaft ii indriving connection with a suitable rotatable part driven from theengine.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4 it will be noted that 15 the inductor fingers28 are always of one polar ity, while the inductor fingers 29 are alwaysof the opposite polarity. During the operation of the device, if forinstance, the inductor fingers 28 are north poles and fingers 29 aresouth poles,

when a finger 29 is opposite the pole piece 95, a finger 28 will beopposite pole piece 59, and the fiux will be from the pole piece 85 tothe inductor finger 29, through the sleeve or tube to the inductorfinger 28, then to the pole piece is, and 25 through the core 33 of theinduction coil back to the pole piece i5. When the rotor has turnedthrough sixty degrees, (as shown in Fig. 4.) so. that an inductor fingerit is opposite the pole piece it and an inductor finger 29 is opposite30 the pole piece it, then the flux traverses the coil in a reversedirection. It will thus be seen that there are six reversals of fiuxthrough the coil during each revolution of the rotor.

The cam member M is preferably provided with six lobes which arearranged to operate an interrupter yoke E5 to open the primary circuitcontacts during the time that the fiux through the coil is changing mostrapidly, and the heaviest current is flowing through the primary winding36. The interruption of the primary current induces a current of highvoltage in the secondary coil 35 which is conducted out through theproper cable to the ignition system of the engine, returning through thebody of the engine and the casing of the magneto.

Reference character ll designates an automatic spark adjuster claimedand disclosed more clearly in my copending application Serial No. 26,052filed on even date herewith.

Although but one embodiment of the invention has been shown anddescribed in detail, it is to be expressly understood that theillustrated embodiment is not exclusive, and various other embodi mentswill now suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, while changesmay be made in the construction, arrangement and proportions of parts,and certain features used without other features, without departing fromthe spirit of the invention. Reference is therefore to be had to theclaims hereto appended for a definition or" the limits of the invention.

What 'is claimed is:

l. A magneto of the flux alternating type having a plurality oi inductorfingers and a single magnet mounted to rotate therewith, an equalplurality of stationary pole pieces surrounding said inductor fingers,and spaced so that every inductor finger registers with a pole piece toparticipate in each fiux alternation and means for maintaining aunidirectional magnetic path through said single magnet during rotationthereof as the fiux alternates, said means including said pole pieces.

2. A magneto of the flux alternating type having a plurality ofinterdigitated inductor fingers and a single magnet mounted with its endand lateral surfaces in contact therewith, and means for maintaining aunidirectional magnetic path through said magnet during rotationthereof, said means including stationary pole pieces equal in number tothe number of interdigitated fingers and extending around thecircumference of said single magnet in co-operating relationship withsaid fingers.

3. In a device of the class described, a rotor constituted by a singlemagnet having its polar ends spaced along the axis of rotation andcircumferentially spaced inductor fingers of alternate polaritysurrounding said magnet and intersecting a common plane transverse tothe axis of rotation, and means including a fixed armature core havingmultiplied polar ends spaced all the way around the rotor to enlarge theregion of flux take-off between rotor and stator, and thus intensify themagnetic circuit through said inductor fingers and magnet.

4. In a device of the class described, a rotor constituted by a singlemagnet having its polar ends spaced along the axis of rotation andcircumferentially spaced inductor fingers of alternate polaritysurrounding said magnet and intersecting a common plane transverse tothe axis of rotation, and means for completing a magnetic circuitthrough said inductor fingers and magnet said means including an.armature having multiple pairs of axially spaced fixed polar ends co-'operating alternately with the inductor fingers v tween opposite sidesof said common transverse plane and extending all the way around saidrotor to enlarge the region of flux take-off as they cooperatealternately with the pole shoes of each polarity.

6. In a device of the class described, the combination with a statorincluding a core and surrounding coil, of a rotor including a singlemagnet having its polar ends spaced along the axis of rotation andcircumferentially spaced inductor fingers of alternate polaritysurrounding and contacting both the lateral and end surfaces of saidmagnet and intersecting a common plane transverse to the axis ofrotation, and means for completing a magnetic circuit through saidinductor fingers and magnet, said means including fixed polar elementsintegral with said core and divided between opposite sides of saidcommon plane.

7. A laminated magneto armature comprising a plurality of laminae eachhaving an annular portion, an L-shaped portion and a plurality of polarprojections extending radially inward from said annular portion, andeach L-shaped portion being bent about a line approximately tangentialto the adjacent annular portion, thus producing finished laminae of thesame contour, and with a portion of each bent out of the plane of theremainder. l

EDWARD B. NOWOSIELSKI.

